Chemical analysis is the process of identifying, separating and quantifying the components of a sample to understand its nature and composition. https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-analysis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_chemistry The Whole of AQA - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS. GCSE Chemistry or Combined Science Revision Topic 8 for C2,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyUQiUddBA4

there are many equations that we have to learn and here are some • work done W=Fs: work = Force X Displacement: usually it is force X distance also it can be distance but in proper equation it is written that displacement is there • Power P = W/∆T: power is given as Work by change in time • Pressure P=F/A: Pressure is equal to Force by area • ohms law V=I x R: voltage is equal to current times resistor

To analyse a text we have to do a trial of investigation and look for our evidence check for any other evidence and try to extract the text completely we can use 3 questions 3 Questions:- What have they done? • What have they written about? What’s the meaning and purpose of the text? How have they done it? • What writing techniques have they used?  Think of your figurative language techniques. Why did they do it? • What effect were they hoping to achieve? How do they want you to think and feel? Meaning and Purpose You should be able to work out the explicit and implicit meaning of the text using your Critical Reading Tools. But this question is focused more on HOW they’ve written the text, rather than WHAT they’ve written about. We’re looking at what core techniques they’ve employed to convey the meaning. Writing Techniques Going back to the criminal trial analogy, think of all the following techniques as pieces of evidence in a crime! How many has the writer committed? Try to look out for these when you’re reading and see how many you spot. If there are any terms you don’t know, write the word down on a revision card with a brief definition next to it, then regularly test yourself on your new words until you remember them. Sentence Length Look out for when writers vary the length of their sentences. Good writing has varied sentence lengths – it’s not just one long sentence after another! That would just be boring. Think about why they’ve chosen a short sentence after a few long ones – is it to emphasise a point? To shock the reader? To increase pace for excitement or dramatic effect? If the writer has noticeably varied their sentence lengths, then comment on that as a technique and explain why you think they did it. Connotations The writer has chosen specific words and phrases very carefully – usually because they’re loaded with connotations that have a particular effect on the reader. A word’s basic connotations are positive or negative, which is always a good place to start! But try to be more specific about the effect: does the writer want to make you outraged, upset, amused etc? So if the writer uses quite a powerful and impactful word, cut it out of the sentence and hold it up to the light on its own; what other meanings can you see there? Does it radiate a particular emotion? Do you think the writer has consciously used these connotations to influence the reader somehow? For example:

It would help if you gave a concise but cohesive overview of the text. Use your Critical Reading Tools to chop up the text, digest it and pick out its key points. Now you need to rewrite it as a summary, using your own words. Use Your Own Words You must use your own words in your summary, and not repeat keywords or phrases from the text. The best way to avoid that is to go to the thesaurus you keep in your brain and find a synonym for the word. So if the text says “She was thrilled with the outcome”, run that keyword “thrilled” through your internal thesaurus and find words like “pleased”, “delighted”, “overjoyed” etc.  This one is tricky – because we have to find a synonym for ‘friends’, ‘enemies’, ‘remember‘ and ‘silence‘ – almost the whole quote!

Think of critical reading as a bit like an autopsy: it is like you have a story laid out but have to take and find the information we have to grab and assemble it so that is how we can interrogate the text but we can use four things to make it easier the most common is how, who, when and where but there a better on the most important one is:- • Question • Clarify • Evidence • Infer Question The first tool to use is your Question tool – to get to the basics of what you’re dealing with. As you start reading the text, find out what is going on by asking yourself: who, what, where, when and why. So (http://why.So)who are the people, what are they doing, where are they, when is this happening, and why – why is it happening to them and why is it important? So if you’re struggling to understand what is going on in the text, before you even get to all the writer’s techniques, use the Question tool to ask those basic questions. Clarify Try to clarify any gaps you might have because there might be some difficult words you’ve just never seen before. Perhaps the text is taken from a broadsheet so it has some sophisticated language, or there might be some jargon because it’s on quite a bizarre or niche subject. You’ll need to try and clear up any confusion you have about the text, especially if a word is in a key sentence. The best way to is to : 1. Break the word down to its root; strip it of any prefix or suffix (any letters before or after it). Normal | Abnormal | Normalise 1. Look at the words around it and check that the root word you have makes sense in the context of whatever else is written. 2. And if it doesn’t make sense, then cover it up and fill in the blank! Think of a word that could go in its place. Evidence:- This next tool is fairly self-explanatory! You just need to look around the text for evidence. The exam will ask you to identify certain words or phrases that suggest a particular meaning. You’ll need to examine the text and sift through it to find the explicit meaning the question is looking for. we can also use the sentence to relate and understand to better understand the meaning of the word Infer our Infer tool is where you make some informed inferences – or interpretations – about the text, based on any clues, signs, hints, or patterns you come across. If this was an autopsy or an x-ray you’d be looking for fractures or bruises or marks on the body – anything that gives you subtle hints. But in language, you’re looking for moods emotive language semantic fields, and connotations. This helps you to read between the lines and get to the implied meaning, or the intention of the writer, by looking at their techniques and style. It’s also how you can pick up on any bias in the text.    New Words:- autopsy:- a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease. niche:- a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment. bias:- systematic distortion (https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&sca_esv=a89eac3a7eb5f9eb&rlz=1C1YTUH_enIN1090IN1090&sxsrf=ACQVn0-k02VDEzh2pAr6UrqxQWX-sgGrwA:1706537407998&q=distortion&si=AKbGX_pt4UlL1m2gNC94R_NJDj6SSzoJRGSY0o8VSG6bSuB09T6Mf5YEWKZ0dVWXDQN3FWRUfx1pTK75oZv6D_UbwM0mv7WUbt7pDTtR0y9LhOnORmNcu3o%3D&expnd=1)of a statistical result due to a factor not allowed for in its derivation.(https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&sca_esv=a89eac3a7eb5f9eb&rlz=1C1YTUH_enIN1090IN1090&sxsrf=ACQVn0-k02VDEzh2pAr6UrqxQWX-sgGrwA:1706537407998&q=derivation&si=AKbGX_pt4UlL1m2gNC94R_NJDj6SK7tkVOl0rTWtlsHqV-3TVmyYO8Fm4TIGhYZSjaUcQfiZeYMm3yCzV2ti8R1UoGHVryV0IWsE3x8HgVAKLH2eJtrCKCo%3D&expnd=1) Here is the PDF that talks about it:- Interrogate the Text(https://cdn.savemyexams.com/pdfs/3HFDQH~~8ekfhDQ6.pdf)

Paper 1 2021 November paper:- RP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/English%20-%20First%20Language%20(0500)/2021/0500_w21_in_12.pdf)QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/English%20-%20First%20Language%20(0500)/2021/0500_w21_qp_12.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/English%20-%20First%20Language%20(0500)/2021/0500_w21_ms_12.pdf) 2021 November paper:- RP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/English%20-%20First%20Language%20(0500)/2021/0500_w21_in_13.pdf)QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/English%20-%20First%20Language%20(0500)/2021/0500_w21_qp_13.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/English%20-%20First%20Language%20(0500)/2021/0500_w21_ms_13.pdf)

A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic.  It is a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, such as the Internet.  Firewalls perform several important functions like:- • Packet filtering: Firewalls can analyze incoming and outgoing data packets and allow or block them based on predefined rules. These rules can be based on factors such as the source and destination IP addresses, the type of traffic (e.g., web traffic, email traffic), and the port number. • Application control: Firewalls can also control which applications are allowed to access the network. This can help to prevent unauthorized applications from accessing data or resources on the network. • Intrusion detection and prevention: Some firewalls include intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS). These systems can help to detect and block malicious attacks, such as denial-of-service attacks and malware. • Virtual private networks (VPNs): Firewalls can also be used to create VPNs. VPNs allow users to securely connect to a private network over a public network, such as the internet. Benefits of Using a Firewall • Improved security: Firewalls can help to protect your network from unauthorized access, malicious attacks, and data breaches. • Reduced risk of malware infections: Firewalls can help to prevent malware from entering your network and infecting your devices. • Compliance with regulations: Some regulations require organizations to use firewalls to protect sensitive data. • Improved network performance: Firewalls can help to improve network performance by blocking unnecessary traffic.

Cookies Cookies are also known as HTTP cookies Cookies are a small piece of data from a specific website that is stored on a user's computer while browsing Functions:- Tracks user browsing activity - for ads To remember login details - Example (YouTube, Facebook, and Google) Track site visitor count There are three types of cookies: Session cookies: These temporary cookies are automatically deleted when you close your browser. They are used to store information about your current session, such as items you've added to a shopping cart. Persistent cookies: These cookies remain on your device even after you close your browser. They are used to remember your preferences and settings for future visits. Third-party cookies: These cookies are placed on your device by a website other than the one you're currently visiting. They are often used for advertising and tracking purposes. Good - about Cookies They can help you save time and help you log in without stress, it can also suggest other products or similar interests. Bad - about cookies They can also stalk you if the website wants it is not at all all websites will do but some will. How does a cookie work? first, they put cookies in your hard drive that has its own unique identification, then they use this ID to keep track of each session when they do this they can put your shopping list on your computer rather than their server and when you come back the ID will say what is in your shopping list or what all you looked at

Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist1. He was born on July 10, 1856, in Smiljan, Austrian Empire (now Croatia), and died on January 7, 1943, in New York City, United States1. Tesla is best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system1. He first studied engineering and physics in the 1870s without receiving a degree, and then gained practical experience in the early 1880s working in telephony and at Continental Edison in the new electric power industry1. In 1884, he emigrated to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen. With the help of partners to finance and market his ideas, Tesla set up laboratories and companies in New York to develop a range of electrical and mechanical devices1. His AC induction motor and related polyphase AC patents, licensed by Westinghouse Electric in 1888, earned him a considerable amount of money and became the cornerstone of the polyphase system which that company eventually marketed1. Tesla conducted a range of experiments with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wirelessly controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited1. Tesla became well known as an inventor and demonstrated his achievements to celebrities and wealthy patrons at his lab, and was noted for his showmanship at public lectures1. Perhaps because of his nearly fatal illness as a teenager, he feared germs and practiced very strict hygiene, likely a barrier to the development of interpersonal relationships. Tesla was undoubtedly a very introverted person, turned into his carefully hidden, subjective world. He was also known to be compulsively tidy and often arranged things in threes. He never married, claiming that his celibacy played an important role in his creativity

Paper 1 2020 - June Paper:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Chemistry%20(0620)/2020/0620_s20_qp_12.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Chemistry%20(0620)/2020/0620_s20_ms_12.pdf) 2020 - March Paper:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Chemistry%20(0620)/2020/0620_m20_qp_12.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Chemistry%20(0620)/2020/0620_m20_ms_12.pdf) 2020 - November paper:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Chemistry%20(0620)/2020/0620_w20_qp_12.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Chemistry%20(0620)/2020/0620_w20_ms_12.pdf)

Paper - 1 2020 - March Paper:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_m20_qp_12.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_m20_ms_12.pdf) 2020 - June Paper:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_s20_qp_12.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_s20_ms_12.pdf) 2020 - June Paper:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_s20_qp_13.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_s20_ms_13.pdf) 2020 - November:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_w20_qp_11.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_w20_ms_11.pdf) 2019 - March:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2019/0625_m19_qp_12.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2019/0625_m19_ms_12.pdf) Paper - 3 2020 - March Paper:-  QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_m20_qp_32.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2020/0625_m20_ms_32.pdf) 2022 - June Paper:- QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2022/0625_s22_qp_31.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2022/0625_s22_ms_31.pdf) 2022 - June Paper:-QP/(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2022/0625_s22_qp_33.pdf)MS(https://papers.gceguide.com/Cambridge%20IGCSE/Physics%20(0625)/2022/0625_s22_ms_33.pdf)