Unit-1 chapter-1 Pg:-18,19,20,21
Stem cells are special human cells with the unique ability to develop into many different cell types, like muscle cells, blood cells, or brain cells.
They act as the body's repair system, replenishing dying or damaged cells.
Self-renewal: They can divide and copy themselves for long periods, maintaining a steady supply of stem cells.
Differentiation: They can transform into specialized cells with specific functions.
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs):
Derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst (early-stage embryo).
Pluripotent, meaning they can become any cell type in the body.
Hold the most potential for future therapies due to their versatility.
Adult stem cells:
Found in various tissues throughout the body, like bone marrow, blood, and fat.
Multipotent or tissue-specific, meaning they can differentiate into a limited range of cell types, often specific to their origin.
Examples:
Hematopoietic stem cells: Give rise to all blood cell types.
Mesenchymal stem cells: Can differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle cells.
Stem cell research is a rapidly growing field with the potential to treat various diseases and conditions:
Regenerating damaged tissues or organs (e.g., spinal cord injuries, heart disease)
Treating blood disorders (e.g., leukemia)
Understanding and developing cures for chronic diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, diabetes)