Impurities can decrease the percentage yield by interfering with the reaction process or by contaminating the final product.

Control reaction conditions: Carefully monitor the reaction and maintain the correct temperature and stirring. 

Add reagents slowly: Add reagents dropwise to ensure they react fully. 

Use clean glassware: Avoid contamination by using clean glassware and pure reagents. 

Optimize isolation and purification: Use separation techniques like distillation, crystallization, or filtering to extract and purify the product. 

Remove impurities: Remove impurities from the reactants. 

evaluates the efficiency of a process by comparing the yield of product actually obtained to the maximum yield predicted by stoichiometry.

Percentage yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield of a chemical reaction. It's calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100. 

Percent purity

The ratio of the mass of a pure substance to the total mass of a sample. It's calculated by dividing the mass of the pure substance by the total mass of the sample and multiplying by 100. 

by comparing the amount of product actually obtained to the maximum amount that could have been produced.

Pharmaceutical production: High percent yields in drug synthesis can reduce costs and waste. 

Environmental considerations: Higher yields usually mean fewer byproducts and less waste. 

Manufacturing: In the production of complex chemicals, even one step with a low percent yield can lead to a large waste of reactants and unnecessary expense.

decrease the percentage yield of a chemical reaction.