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Sreeshan · 2024-03-09T01:49:56.403Z

Electrons and Shells: • Electrons in an atom aren't haphazardly flying around the nucleus. They occupy specific regions called electron shells. • Imagine these shells as energy levels, with closer shells having lower energy compared to farther ones. • Each shell can hold a maximum number of electrons. This capacity is determined by a formula: 2n², where n is the shell number (1, 2, 3, and so on). Filling Up the Shells: • Electrons fill the shells in a specific order following the Aufbau principle. This principle states that electrons prefer lower energy levels, filling closer shells before moving outward. • The order of filling is generally: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p (and so on). Subshells and Orbitals: • Shells are further divided into subshells, which are denoted by letters like s, p, d, and f. Each subshell has a specific number of electrons it can hold. • Subshells are then composed of even smaller regions called orbitals, which can hold a maximum of two electrons. Orbitals define the specific spatial distribution of probability of finding an electron. Key Points: • The number of protons in an atom determines the number of electrons (they are equal in neutral atoms). • The arrangement of electrons in shells influences an element's chemical properties. Elements with similar outermost shell configurations tend to react similarly. • The outermost shell, also called the valence shell, is particularly important in chemical bonding, as these electrons are involved in interactions with other atoms. Learning More: • To visualize electron shell filling, you can search for electron configuration diagrams for specific elements. These diagrams depict the electron arrangement using the notation explained earlier (e.g., 1s²2s²2p⁶ for Neon). • You can also explore concepts like Pauli Exclusion Principle, which restricts two electrons from occupying the same quantum state (i.e., having the same set of four quantum numbers).

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Sreeshan

Mar 09

Edited: Mar 09

Electron arrangement

in Sreeshan

Electrons and Shells:

Electrons in an atom aren't haphazardly flying around the nucleus. They occupy specific regions called electron shells.
Imagine these shells as energy levels, with closer shells having lower energy compared to farther ones.
Each shell can hold a maximum number of electrons. This capacity is determined by a formula: 2n², where n is the shell number (1, 2, 3, and so on).

Filling Up the Shells:

Subshells and Orbitals:

Key Points:

Learning More:

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