Unit-2 chapter-2 Pg:- 68,69,70,71
An electrical circuit is a closed loop path that allows the flow of electric current. It's like a continuous pipeline for electricity, made up of various components working together.
Basic Components:
Energy source: This provides the driving force for the current, like a battery or generator.
Conductors: These are materials that allow electricity to flow easily, typically wires made of metal.
Loads: These are devices that convert electrical energy into other forms, like light bulbs, motors, or resistors.
Controls (optional): Components like switches or variable resistors can control the flow of current.
Key Concepts:
Closed loop: The circuit must be a continuous path for current to flow. A break in the circuit stops the flow.
Current: This is the flow of charged particles (usually electrons) through the circuit, measured in amperes (A).
Voltage: This is the pressure that pushes the current through the circuit, measured in volts (V).
Resistance: This is the opposition to current flow, measured in ohms (Ω).
Circuit Types:
Series circuit: Components are connected one after another, with the same current flowing through each.
Parallel circuit: Components are connected side-by-side, with the same voltage across each but varying currents.
Two fundamental laws govern the behavior of circuits:
Ohm's Law: Relates voltage, current, and resistance: V = I * R.
Kirchhoff's Laws:
Current Law (KCL): The total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving it.
Voltage Law (KVL): The sum of voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is zero.
Electrical circuits are the backbone of modern technology, powering everything from simple devices to complex electronics. Some examples include:
Power grids delivering electricity to homes and businesses.
Electronic circuits in computers, smartphones, and other devices.
Control circuits in appliances and industrial machinery.