When FDG is injected into the body, if there is cancer, it will take a large proportion of the FDG which later on radiates, acting as a beacon for the scanner.

FDG is one of the many radioactive chemicals used in PET(positron emission tomography.)

The radioactive substances produced in the particle accelerator are called cyclotrons.

The isotope used in PET is decay by positron emission, positron is an electron with a positive charge. During the emission, the positron collides with an electron in the surroundings which causes a tiny nuclear reaction in which the mass of the two particles is converted into two high-energy photons.

The paired radiation then detects the high-energy photons detects in the scanner walls (The detectors are paired because the two photons go in opposite directions.)

positron is emitted through beta decay. There are two types of beta decay

Beta-minus decay.
Beta-plus decay.

Eg of beta minus:- Carbon-14 turns into nitrogen-14 + Antineutrino +electron.

Eg:- of beta plus:- Carbon-10 + Neutrino + positron.

Neutrinos:

Every time atomic nuclei come together or break apart(Like in a fission reactor or particle accelerator), they produce neutrinos.

Definition of Neutrinos: A neutrino is a Fermion that interacts only via weak interaction and gravity.

Fermion is a subatomic particle, such as a nucleon, which has a half-integral spin and follows the statistical description given by Fermi and Dirac.
Half-integral spin is a property of particles that are known as fermions.

-Particles with half-integral spin include electrons and quarks.

-Particles with integer spin are bosons.

4 comments

Comments (4)

Malu

Sep 28

Use of Nutrinos?

Sreeshan

Sep 30

Replying to

Neutrinos are produced from radiation, so countries use this technology to detect the presence of nuclear weapons.

indu marath

Sep 28

How do isotopes help in environmental and ecological studies?
What are the uses of isotopes in food irradiation?
How are isotopes employed in geological experiments?
What is the significance of isotopes in nuclear power generation?
What are the applications of isotopes in scientific research and development?
What industrial applications benefit from the use of isotopes?

Sreeshan

Sep 30

Replying to

They use these to measure biological samples and study how they cycle through the environment.
as sources of ionizing radiation, which is emitted as gamma rays, to kill bacteria, parasites, and insects in food.
allows the determination of the origin of rocks and mineral deposits.
specific isotopes, like Uranium-235, are used as fuel in nuclear reactors due to their ability to undergo nuclear fission.
to study land, humans, animals, insects, and plants.
Radioisotopes are used by manufacturers as tracers to monitor fluid flow and filtration, detect leaks, and gauge engine wear and corrosion of process equipment.