Teeth are hard, mineralized structures in the mouth that play a crucial role in biting, chewing, and speaking. They have several layers: the enamel (the hard outer surface), dentin (the sensitive layer beneath), and the pulp (the inner part containing nerves and blood vessels).

How Cavities Form:

Plaque Formation: Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. It builds up when food particles mix with bacteria, especially if the teeth aren’t cleaned well.

Bacteria and Sugar: The bacteria in plaque feed on sugars from the food you eat. As they break down sugar, they produce acids.

Acid Damage: These acids gradually dissolve the enamel, weakening it and creating tiny holes or weak spots.

Cavity Development: If the process continues, the decay can spread deeper into the tooth, reaching the dentin and pulp, causing pain, infection, and tooth loss if untreated.

Prevention:

Brushing with fluoride toothpaste removes plaque and prevents acid buildup.

Flossing helps clean between teeth, where plaque can hide.

Limiting sugar intake reduces the food source for harmful bacteria.

Regular dental checkups help catch early cavities before they cause serious damage.

By maintaining good oral hygiene, cavities can often be prevented or caught early before they cause significant harm.