-Gas exchange is the process through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs, playing a crucial role in maintaining the body’s gas balance and supporting cellular functions. When you breathe in, air enters the lungs and reaches tiny sacs called alveoli, which are surrounded by capillaries. The walls of the alveoli are extremely thin, allowing gases to easily diffuse across them. Oxygen from the inhaled air moves

from the alveoli into the blood, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. This allows oxygen to be transported throughout the body to tissues and organs for energy production. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, moves from the blood into the alveoli, where it is expelled from the body when you exhale. This exchange ensures that oxygen is delivered to cells for energy production and that carbon dioxide is removed, preventing dangerous acid buildup in the blood. The process of gas exchange is essential for maintaining the body's overall function and homeostasis.