1. Vocalizations: Animals like birds, whales, and dogs use sounds to communicate for purposes like attracting mates or signaling danger.

2. Body Language: Physical gestures, such as tail wagging in dogs or body posture in cats, convey emotions or intentions.

3. Pheromones: Many species, like ants and bees, release chemical signals to communicate things like danger or mating availability.

4. Visual Signals: Some animals, like peacocks and frogs, use visual displays like bright colors or patterns to attract mates or deter predators.

5. Touch: Physical contact, like grooming or nuzzling, is a key form of communication in animals such as primates and dolphins.

6. Tactile Signals: Animals like bats or certain insects send vibrations through the air or ground to communicate with others in their group.

7. Scent Marking: Some animals, like cats and wolves, mark their territory with urine or other scents to warn others to stay away.

8. Mimicry: Certain animals, like birds or insects, can mimic sounds or behaviors of other species to deceive or communicate.

9. Signaling with Movement: Some species use specific movements, like the waggle dance of honeybees, to indicate the direction and distance to food sources.

10. Infrasound: Low-frequency sounds (infrasound) are used by some animals, like elephants and whales, to communicate over long distances.