Kidney stones can form when there are high levels of certain substances in your urine. These substances can create small crystals that gradually build up into larger, solid masses. The most common types of kidney stones are:
Calcium stones: These are the most common type and are usually made of calcium oxalate. Consuming too much calcium or oxalate-rich foods (such as spinach, nuts, and chocolate) can contribute to their formation.
Struvite stones: These stones can form as a result of urinary tract infections (UTIs). They often grow quickly and become quite large.
Uric acid stones: These form when there are high levels of uric acid in the urine, which can be caused by a diet high in purines (found in certain meats and seafood) or conditions that increase uric acid levels in the body, like gout.
Cystine stones: These are rare and form in people with a hereditary disorder that causes the kidneys to excrete too much of certain amino acids.
Other factors that can contribute to the formation of kidney stones include dehydration, certain medical conditions (such as hyperparathyroidism or certain digestive diseases), and certain medications. Additionally, family history, obesity, and certain dietary habits can also increase the risk of developing kidney stones.