Microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, play a pivotal role in the decay process.

Bacteria initiate decomposition by breaking down complex organic compounds into simpler molecules.

Fungi, such as molds and yeasts, also contribute to decay by secreting enzymes that degrade organic matter.

Decay releases nutrients back into the environment, allowing them to be reused by other organisms.

Without microorganisms, nutrients would become locked up in dead organisms, hindering the nutrient cycling essential for ecosystem health.