Bone fractures typically heal through a process called "bone remodeling," which involves several stages:

Inflammatory Stage: Immediately after the fracture, blood vessels at the site of injury constrict to minimize bleeding, followed by the release of inflammatory cells and molecules to clean up the area and initiate the healing process.

Reparative Stage: This stage involves the formation of a soft callus around the fracture site composed of fibrous tissue, cartilage, and collagen. Inside this callus, specialized cells called osteoblasts start producing new bone tissue, bridging the fracture gap. Eventually, this soft callus is replaced by a harder callus made of immature bone tissue.

Bone Remodeling Stage: Over weeks to months, the newly formed bone undergoes remodeling. This involves reshaping and strengthening of the bone to restore its original structure and strength. Osteoclasts, specialized cells responsible for breaking down old or damaged bone, remove excess bone material, while osteoblasts continue to deposit new bone tissue. This process continues until the bone returns to its pre-injury strength and shape.

Factors such as the severity and location of the fracture, the age and overall health of the individual, and the effectiveness of treatment (such as immobilization with casts or surgery) can influence the healing process and the time it takes for the fracture to fully heal.