Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections by either killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. They are a critical tool in modern medicine for combating a wide range of bacterial illnesses, from minor infections like strep throat to life-threatening conditions such as sepsis.
There are several classes of antibiotics, each with its own mechanism of action and spectrum of activity. Some common classes include penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides.
It's important to note that antibiotics are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse or overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, where bacteria evolve to withstand the effects of the drugs, making infections more difficult to treat. Therefore, it's crucial to use antibiotics only when prescribed by a healthcare professional and to complete the full course of treatment as directed.