EVS-Water and its management, page no 111-112
What is sewage treatment: Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution.
Ways for sewage treatment:
Sewage outfall: A pipe that receives wastewater from a collection system or from a wastewater treatment plant and carries it to a point of ultimate or final discharge in the environment.
Screening tank: it removes objects such as rags, paper, plastics, and metals to prevent damage and clogging of downstream equipment, piping, and appurtenances.
Primary treatment: Its purpose is to settle material by gravity, removing floatable objects, and reducing the pollution to ease secondary treatment.
Secondary treatment, oxidation: This process uses biological processes like trickling filters, activated sludge tanks, and lagoons to break down organic matter.
Secondary treatment, second settling tank: The secondary sedimentation tank removes bio-flocculated solids. They produce an effluent sufficiently classified to meet discharge standards and must concentrate the biological solids to minimize the quantity of sludge to handle.
Effluent removal: The effluent is discharged into the environment, usually a river.
Sludge digester: A biological process in which organic solids are decomposed into stable substances.
Sludge removal: In this treatment, most of the settleable solids are separated or removed from the wastewater by the physical process of sedimentation. When certain chemicals are used with primary sedimentation tanks, some of the colloidal solids are also removed.
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1. How can different methods of sewage treatment impact the quality of water released into natural water bodies, and what are the potential environmental benefits and drawbacks of each method?
2. In what ways can community participation and awareness programs enhance the effectiveness of sewage treatment systems, and what strategies could be employed to encourage such participation?
3. How do advancements in sewage treatment technology contribute to sustainable water management, and what future innovations could further improve the efficiency and environmental impact of sewage treatment processes?