• How are ions formed?

  • An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons

  • This loss or gain of electrons takes place to obtain a full outer shell of electrons

  • The electronic structure of ions of elements in Groups 1, 2, 6 and 7 will be the same as that of a noble gas - such as helium, neon, and argon

  • Negative ions are called anions and form when atoms gain electrons, meaning they have more electrons than protons

  • Positive ions are called cations and form when atoms lose electrons, meaning they have more protons than electrons

  • All metals lose electrons to other atoms to become positively charged ions

  • All non-metals gain electrons from other atoms to become negatively charged ions

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Formation of Anions

Lattice structure of ionic compounds

• Lattice structure

  • Ionic compounds have a giant lattice structure

  • Lattice structure refers to the arrangement of the atoms of a substance in 3D space

  • In lattice structures, the atoms are arranged in an ordered and repeating fashion

  • The lattices formed by ionic compounds consist of a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions

Ionic compounds

• Ionic compounds are formed when metal atoms and non-metal atoms react

• The ionic compound has no overall charge

Properties Of Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature 

• They have high melting and boiling points

• Ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity in the molten state or in solution 

• They are poor conductors in the solid state

Explaining The Properties Of Ionic Compounds

• Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points

  • They have giant structures

  • There are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions

  • The forces need lots of energy to overcome them 

• Ionic compounds are poor conductors in the solid state

  • The ions are in fixed positions in the lattice

  • They are therefore unable to move and carry a charge 

• Ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity in the molten state or in solution 

  • When the ionic compound is melted or dissolved in water, the ions are able to move and carry a charge

• The greater the charge on the ions, the stronger the electrostatic forces and the higher the melting point will be

  • For example, magnesium oxide consists of Mg2+ and O2- so will have a higher melting point than sodium chloride which contains the ions, Na+ and Cl-

    
    

ionic compound ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kShlfIsvWbQ

ionic bonding ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DtrrWA5nkE&t=3s