Cholera
Cholera causes diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is the loss of watery faeces from the anus
If it is severe and continues for a long time, it can lead to death
Severe diarrhoea can cause the loss of significant amounts of water and ions from the body, causing the tissues and organs to stop working properly
It can be effectively treated by oral rehydration therapy
This is a drink with a small amount of salt and sugar dissolved in it
There are many causes of diarrhoea, one of which is infection with Vibrio cholerae bacteria, which causes the disease cholera
Ingested via infected water or food, if it enters the small intestine it can cause illness in the following way:
Bacteria attach to the wall of the small intestine
They produce a toxin
The toxin stimulates the cells lining the intestine to release chloride ions from inside the cells into the lumen of the intestine
The chloride ions accumulate in the lumen of the small intestine and lower the water potential there
Once the water potential is lower than that of the cells lining the intestine, water starts to move out of the cells into the intestine (by osmosis)
Large quantities of water are lost from the body in watery faeces
The blood contains too little chloride ions and water
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