Convection is a process of heat transfer that occurs in fluids (liquids and gases) where the warmer part of the fluid rises, and the cooler part sinks, creating a circulation pattern. This can happen naturally or be forced, depending on the circumstances.

There are two main types of convection:

1. Natural Convection:

• This occurs due to the natural movement of fluids because of differences in temperature and density. Warmer, less dense fluid rises while cooler, denser fluid sinks.

• Example: In a room, warm air from a heater rises toward the ceiling, and cooler air sinks toward the floor.

2. Forced Convection:

• In forced convection, an external source like a fan, pump, or wind moves the fluid, aiding in heat transfer.

• Example: In a car engine, a fan blows air over the radiator to help cool it down, facilitating the heat transfer from the engine to the air.

Applications of Convection:

• Weather and Ocean Currents: Convection is responsible for many large-scale weather patterns, such as the formation of clouds and wind, as well as ocean currents.

• Cooking: Convection ovens use fans to circulate hot air, cooking food more evenly and efficiently.

• Heating Systems: Radiators and space heaters often use convection to circulate warm air throughout a room.