Solubility of solids in liquid

• Concentrated soution is a solution that has a alot of solute in the liquid , it contains high amount of solute in it. For example if you put alot of sugar in a liquid and when you mix it inside the liquid its called a concentrated solution

• A dilute solution is when there is a less quantity of solid soluted in water

• If we keep adding more solid, a point is reached when no more will dissolve at that temperature. Why ? it is when there is no space for other particles as already the other particles of solid has soluted into the liquid and has takes a large amount of space , when there is no space it wont solute

• A saturated solution is when the amount of solute matches to the maximum amount of solute the water can take in , if you increase more quantity of solute , they wont dissolve

• To get more solid to dissolve, the temperature must be increased. It is because the hot water has alot of space in it and cause the molecules move faster can give space , thus there is more space for particles to dissolve

Solubility of gases in liquids

• Unlike most solids, gases become less soluble in water as the temperature rises. The solubility of gases from the air in water is quite small, but the amount of dissolved oxygen is enough to support fish and other aquatic life.

  
  
  
  

Diffusion in fluids

Some of the earliest evidence for the kinetic model of the states of matter came from observations on diffusion, where particles spread to fill the space available to them.

The main ideas involved in diffusion :

• Particles move from a region of higher concentration towards a region of lower concentration; eventually, the particles are evenly spread. Their concentration is the same throughout.

• The rate of diffusion in liquids is much slower than in gases.

• Diffusion does not take place in solid as the solid particles cant move

Dissolving

A potassium manganate(VII) crystal is placed at the bottom of a dish of water. The dish is then left to stand. At first the water around the crystal becomes purple as the solid dissolves. Particles move off from the surface of the crystal into the water. Eventually, the crystal dissolves completely and the purple colour spreads through the liquid. The whole solution becomes purple. The particles from the solid become evenly spread through the water.

Diffusion example

Whether a solid begins to break up like this in a liquid depends on the particular solid and liquid involved. But the spreading of the solute particles throughout the liquid is an example of diffusion. Diffusion in solution is also important when the solute is a gas. This is especially important in breathing. Diffusion contributes to the movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs.