Covalent compounds
Covalent compounds are formed when pairs of electrons are shared between atoms
Only non-metal elements participate in covalent bonding
As in ionic bonding, each atom gains a full outer shell of electrons, giving them a noble gas electronic configuration
Covalently bonded substances may consist of small molecules or giant molecules
When two or more atoms are covalently bonded together, we describe them as ‘molecules’
Dot-and-cross diagrams can be used to show the electronic configurations in simple molecules
Electrons from one atom are represented by a dot, and the electrons of the other atom are represented by a cross
The electron shells of each atom in the molecule overlap and the shared electrons are shown in the area of overlap
The dot-and-cross diagram of the molecule shows clearly which atom each electron originated from
Why do covalent bonds form only between non metals ?
How does covalent bond differ from ionic bonds?
How does the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond affect the stability of molecules?
What is a polar covalent bond and how does it differ from a nonpolar covalent bond?
Describe the structure and bonding in a molecule of water (H₂O).
What are some examples of molecules that contain covalent bonds?
How do covalent bonds contribute to the formation of giant covalent structures like diamond and graphite?
Explain the concept of a single, double, and triple covalent bond.