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The 2 possible changes to a PPC • Out-Ward Shift • In-Ward Shift Out-Ward Shift • Higher GDP -: This is caused as right-ward shift increases the price and supply, when the supply increases the exports increases, this naturally cause a increase in the gdp • Higher Unemployment -: From higher production, when firms earn more, this leads to expansion causing for more employment • Higher Standard For Living -: When there is more employment this causes for decrease absolute poverty, this makes firms and workers earning more leading to higher standard of living • Increase In Investments -: This can happen for more production or more growth as firms target for machinery and technology, this can cause higher investments In-Ward Shift • Increased Imports -: This can cause economic down fall and a increase in current account deficit • Increase In Unemployment -: More businesses and firms will shut down leading to unemployment • High Inflation Rate -: High inflation rate causes In-Ward Shift as price and supply decrease Causes Of Out-Ward Shift • Technological Advancement -: Increases the efficiency of production, as the machines increase the productivity of the production • Better Education -: This causes efficient labour for work, this causes more production Causes On In-Ward Shift • War and political instability -: War And Political conflicts can cause less focus on macroeconomics • Resource depletion -: Less natural resources • Economic crises -: Recessions And Etc

Migration • Immigration - The people who come to your country for any kind of purpose, for economically related contexts, people usually immigrate for job opportunities and more income • Emigration - Emigration is a process of people leaving a country of mostly economic reasons like unemployment, less income or cant fulfill basic needs Unemployment Vs Work Force • The work force includes employed people and also people who seek for employment • Work Force = Employed People + Unemployed People ( Actively Seeking For Jobs ) • Thus work force includes unemployed people too Problems Of Unemployment • Lower Economic Growth – Fewer people working means less production and lower GDP. This affects the labor of firms making them produce less, in some terms at todays world, firms have the freedom to use machines which makes work more efficient. But when production is less GDP decreases • Higher Government Spending – Governments have to spend more on unemployment benefits, welfare, and social security. This can take a lot of time particularly in the spending of education and work training, government also will be pressured by the deficit as exports will be less, imports will be higher and there are chances for higher prices for low production, this can increase inflation • Low Tax Revenue - Considering income tax, the government receives less tax, including the taxes of firms as possibility of firms shutting down are high • Report -: In economies like Japan, more than 182 companies went down due to shortage of labor • Unemployment is a major problem as it should be addressed

• Work = Energy Transferred Properties Of Work • The greater size of force - the greater the force and the more work it does • The distance moved in the direction of force - the more the force the further the distance Formula Of Work • W = Change E • Change E = Change in energy • Work depends on the size of force • The distance, moved by the force • Work Done = Force X Distance Moved By The Force Joules • Joules is the SI Unit of transferred energy • 1 Joule = 1Nm • 1Nm = 1 Newton Per Meter