Pg:- 27,28 Ch:- 2 #biology #plantcells #respiration #dailypost

Plant cells:

• Plant cells differ from animal cells in several ways because they have extra structures: A cell wall, chloroplasts, and sap vacuoles.

Cell wall:

• The cell wall contains cellulose.

• It is non-living and allows water and dissolved substances to pass through it.

Vacuole:

• Most mature plant cells have a large, fluid-filled space called a vacuole.

• Vacuole contains cell sap, a watery solution of sugars, salts, and sometimes pigments.

• Animal cells may sometimes have small vacuoles in their cytoplasm but they are not permanent.

Chloroplasts:

• Chloroplasts are organelles that contain the green substance chlorophyll.

• The shape of a cell when seen in a transverse section is quiet different from when the same cell is seen in a longitudinal section.

Aerobic respiration:

• Aerobic respiration is a chemical process that uses oxygen to convert carbohydrates into energy.

• A process where oxygen-breathing creatures turn fuel such as fats or sugar into energy with the help of oxygen.

• The key organelle inside cells of aerobic respiration is the mitochondria.

• Glucose from food goes through multiple processes inside mitochondria such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

• One piece of glucose, with the help of 6 molecules of oxygen can produce 36 molecules of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) as well as 6 carbon dioxide molecules and 6 water molecules.

• When humans are doing work that requir strain like running, the cells face a shortage of oxygen and the cell becomes anaerobic, that's why while working out your cells produce lactic acid and you feel cramps and fatigue.

• Anaerobic respiration turns 1 glucose turns into 2 ethanol, 2 carbon dioxide, and energy of 2 ATP.