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Sreeshan · 2023-12-19T15:49:00.788Z

Isotopes • Atoms are held together by strong nuclear force. • The strong neuclear force has a limit, on how many neutrons and protons it can keep together. • Once the number of neutrons or protons increase more than how many strong neuclear force can handle, an atom becomes unstable. • When an atom becomes unstable, it emmites out neutrons and protons, resulting in radiation. • Unstable atoms are called radioactive. • Isotopes have different physical properties, like melting point and density. • Isotopes of a same atom has the same chemical properties, because chemical properties are based on electrons. Types of isotopes There are two main types of isotopes: stable and unstable Uses of isotopes The main branches which use isotopes are, medicine, defence, archeology, geology. • In medicines, technitium-99 is used to detect tumors, and iodine-131 is used to treat thyroid disorders. • In safety Americium-241 is used in smoke detectors. • In defence, californium-252 is used to detect explosives. • In archeology carbon-14 is used for carbon dating • In geology uranium-238 is used to estimate the age of rocks.

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Sreeshan

Dec 19, 2023

isotopes and atomic mass

in Sreeshan

Isotopes

Atoms are held together by strong nuclear force.
The strong neuclear force has a limit, on how many neutrons and protons it can keep together.
Once the number of neutrons or protons increase more than how many strong neuclear force can handle, an atom becomes unstable.
When an atom becomes unstable, it emmites out neutrons and protons, resulting in radiation.
Unstable atoms are called radioactive.
Isotopes have different physical properties, like melting point and density.
Isotopes of a same atom has the same chemical properties, because chemical properties are based on electrons.

Types of isotopes

Uses of isotopes

2 comments

Comments (2)

indu marath

Dec 24, 2023

How to calculate atomic mass?
What has an atomic mass of 42?
What are isobars?
What is the maximum number of electrons that the third orbit of M-shell can have?
What are isotones and isomers?
What is nuclear binding energy?
Atomic number of a nucleus is Z and atomic mass is M.Find the number of neutrons.
What is atomic mass unit?
Why many elements have non-integral atomic masses?

Sreeshan

Dec 28, 2023

Replying to

Atomic mass = Σ(abundance of isotope i * mass of isotope i)
42 amu: Molybdenum (Mo)
Isobars: Same mass number, different elements (e.g., carbon-14, nitrogen-14).
3rd orbit (M-shell): 18 electrons max (formula: 2n^2, n=3).
Isotones: Same number of neutrons, different elements (e.g., nitrogen-14, oxygen-14).
Isomers: Same mass number, different arrangements of protons/neutrons (nuclear vs. structural types).
Nuclear binding energy: Energy required to break a nucleus into individual particles.
Number of neutrons: N = M - Z.
Atomic mass unit (amu): 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Non-integral atomic masses: Most elements have multiple isotopes with different masses, affecting the average.

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