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Ionic bonding is the other type of bonding after covalent bonding. Unlike covalent bonding, ionic bonding is not where two atoms share their electrons, but rather 1 atom completely gives off one of its electrons and the other atom takes it, and therefore One becomes positively charged and the other becomes negatively charged. And since there are 2 differently charged atoms in space, due to electrostatic force, they attract each other.

Compounds formed between a metal and a non-metal generally involve Ionic bonding.

Cation: A positive ion that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.

Anion: A negative Ion that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.

Important features of ionic bonding:

• The electrons involved in forming Ions are those in the outer shell of the atoms.

• Metals atoms lose their outer electrons to become positive ions.

• Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negative ions.

Physical properties of ionic compounds:

• They have high melting points and boiling points, so they are crystalline solids at room temperature.

• They are often soluble in water.

• They conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water.

Features common during the formation of ionic bonds between metallic and nonmetallic elements:

• Metal atoms always lose their outer electrons to form positive Ions(cations).

• The number of positive charges on a metal Ion equals the number of electrons lost.

• Non-metallic atoms, except hydrogen, always gain electrons to become negative Ions(anions).