#CalvinCycle

#Biology

#Photosynthesis

Introduction

• Photosynthesis is the process in which plants makes atp for cellular reactions.

• Photosynthesis have 2 steps :

1. Light - Dependent Reaction.

2. Calvin Cycle

• In light dependent Reactions, the Carbon dioxide is changed into glucose.

• Calvin cycle convert carbon dioxide into sugars using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

• It also plays a role in regenerating ADP and NADP+, which are essential for the light-dependent reactions.

Steps

• Calvin Cycle has 3 Steps :

  
  

  1. Carbon Fixation

  
  

  2. Reduction

  
  

  3. Regeneration.

  
  

Carbon Fixation

• Carbon Fixation is the first stage, where carbon dioxide is "fixed" from an inorganic to an organic molecule.

• The enzyme RuBisCO attaches carbon dioxide (CO2) to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to produce 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). Three CO2 molecules are needed for the cycle to complete one turn, producing six 3-PGA molecules.

  
  

Reduction

• Reduction. In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecules of a three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

• The carbon number is same, but the hydrogen and oxygen number changes.

Regeneration

• Regeneration. It is the third stage of the Calvin cycle and is a complex process that requires ATP.

• In this stage, some of the G3P molecules are used to produce glucose, while others are recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptor.

• And the Cycle Continues.

The Video