biology unit 2.5
Microorganisms (microbes): Tiny organisms, usually unicellular, that can't be seen with the naked eye.
Not all microbes cause disease: Many microbes are beneficial, playing a vital role in our environment and even our bodies.
Disease-causing microbes: These are called pathogens and come in various forms:
Bacteria: Single-celled organisms with cell walls, can cause a variety of diseases like strep throat and food poisoning.
Viruses: Even smaller than bacteria, they invade and hijack host cells to reproduce, causing diseases like the common cold and HIV/AIDS.
Protozoa: Single-celled eukaryotes, some can cause illnesses like malaria and amoebic dysentery.
Fungi: Can range from microscopic yeasts to large mushrooms, some fungal species can cause infections like athlete's foot or ringworm.
Worms: Parasitic worms can invade our bodies and cause diseases like tapeworm infections.
How do pathogens cause disease? They disrupt normal bodily functions in various ways, like:
Multiplying and damaging tissues.
Releasing toxins (poisons).
Disrupting the immune system.
Preventing the spread of disease:
Proper hygiene (washing hands, etc.)
Vaccinations.
Avoiding contact with those who are sick.