EMS-Managing natural hazards, page no 154

What are volcanos:

A volcano is a landform, a mountain, where molten rocks erupt through the surface of the planet. The volcano mountain opens downwards to a pool of molten rocks underneath the surface of the earth. Pressure builds up in the earth's crust and this is the reason why eruptions occur.

We know where volcanos are located but eruptions are often unpredictable in terms of magnitude and timing. Here's what can be done:

Predictions for volcanoes:

• Seismometers monitor tremors caused by rising magma.

• Satellites using heat-seeking cameras can measure increasing ground temperatures.

• Tiltmeters and global positioning systems monitor changes in volcano shape.

• Emissions of steam and gas {sulfur dioxide}can be monitored.

Preparation and protection against Volcanoes:

• Study past eruptions of a volcano and create a volcano hazard map.

• Plans such as lava with water and halting lava advance by dropping concrete slabs into the flow.

• Building reinforcements, for example sloping roofs to protect against ashfall.

  
  

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