Enzymes in digestion

Amylase -

• amylase are produced in the mouth and pancreas ( secreted into duodenum)

• amylase digest starch into smaller sugars

Proteases

• proteases are a group of enzymes that breakdown proteins into amino acids in the stomach and the small intestine . ( with the enzymes in the small intestine having been produced in the pancreas)

Lipases

• lipase enzymes are produced in the pancreas into the duodenum

• they digest lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Hydrochloric Acid

The stomach produces several fluids which together are known as gastric juice

• One of the fluids produced is hydrochloric acid

• This kills bacteria in food and gives an acid pH for enzymes to work in the stomach

How is a low pH helpful in the stomach?

• The low pH kills bacteria in food that we have ingested as it denatures the enzymes in their cells, meaning they cannot carry out any cell reactions to maintain life

• Pepsin, produced in the stomach, is an example of an enzyme which has a very low optimum pH - around pH 2

• The hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach ensures that conditions in the stomach remain within the optimum range for pepsin to work at its fastest rate.