diffusion occurs in gases and liquids , due to the random motion of their particles .
it is where particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
eventually the concentration of particles is even as the particle are evenly spread throughout the available space
diffusion happens on its own and no energy input is required .
although , it occurs faster at higher temperature because the particles have more kinetic energy .
Diffusion in liquids
potassium manganate ( KMnO4) in water is typical demonstration of diffusion in liquids .
diffusion of potassium manganate in water . after a few hours , the concentration of KMnO4 is the same throughout the solution .
Diffusion in gases
diffusion is faster in gases than in liquids this is because gaseous particles have more energy and move quicker then liquid particles
ex - diffusion of bromine gas and air
at start, the orange - brown bromine gas . in an area of high concentration to low concentration .
it diffuses from high to low concentration
after 5 minutes , the bromine gas will have diffused from bottom jar until it is evenly spread throughout both jars .
the same can be said for the air , although it is less obvious as it is colorless .
Diffusion and Molecular Mass
at some temperature , different gases do not diffuse at the same rate
this is due to difference ( relative molecular mass )
low relative molecular mass - travels faster , travel further in same amount of time
high relative molecular mass - travel slower , do not travel as far in the same amount of time
How to Find Relative Molecular Mass
( CH2 CL)2 - 2x ( 12+(2x1) +35.5 ) = 99
N2 = N= 14x2 = 28
O2 - O= 16x2 = 32
h2 - h= 1x2 = 2
NH3 - N=14 H= 1x3 =17