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Solid (Ice)
Found in glaciers, snow, hail, and frost.
Molecules are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions.
Liquid (Water)
The most common form we see is in rivers, lakes, oceans, and rain.
Molecules move more freely than in solids.
Gas (Water Vapour/Steam)
Invisible form present in the air.
Formed when water evaporates or boils.
Molecules move very fast and are far apart.
What is Ray Tracing?
Ray tracing is a way the graphics card makes light in games look like real life. It makes shadows, reflections, and lighting look more natural.
How It Works (Simple Steps):
The graphics card sends out pretend light beams from the camera (which is like your eyes in the game).
These beams hit objects in the game, like walls, water, or glass.
When they hit something shiny or clear, they bounce off or bend.
The card then figures out how the scene should look based on where the light went.
It uses this to draw more realistic pictures on your screen.
Example:
If your game character stands in front of a mirror, ray tracing lets you see the reflection correctly. Without ray tracing, you might not see anything in the mirror at all, or it might look fake.
We feel pain because it’s our body’s warning system — kind of like an alarm. Pain tells us that something is wrong and needs attention.
Here’s a simple breakdown:
Detection: When something harmful happens (like touching something hot or getting hurt), special nerve endings called nociceptors detect it.
Signal to the brain: These nerves send signals through the spinal cord to the brain.
Processing: The brain processes the signals and says, “Ouch! This is pain!” — so you become aware that something is wrong.
Reaction: Because of that feeling, you move your hand away, rest the injured part, or seek help. Pain helps protect you and helps the body heal.
If we didn’t feel pain, we could get seriously injured without realizing it. For example, some people with rare conditions that stop them from feeling pain often end up with broken bones, burns, or infections — because they don’t get the warning.
So even though pain feels bad, it’s actually a sign that your body is working to protect you.
There are 3 modes of transport
land
Water
Air
Land transport is the movement of people or goods from one place to another on land. It includes all kinds of vehicles that travel on roads, rails, or tracks.
Cars – used for personal travel
Buses – carry many people at once
Trains – fast and used for long distances
Bicycles – powered by pedaling
Motorcycles – faster than bicycles, run on fuel
Trucks – used to carry good
Water transport is the movement of people or goods on water, like rivers, lakes, and oceans. It uses vehicles that float or move through water.
Examples:
Boats – small water vehicles for short trips
Ships – big and strong, used for long-distance travel and carrying goods
Ferries – carry people, cars, and bikes across water
Submarines – travel under the water
Canoes/Kayaks – small boats powered by paddles
Air transport is the movement of people or goods through the air using flying vehicles. It’s the fastest way to travel long distances.
Examples:
Airplanes – carry lots of people or cargo across countries and continents
Helicopters – fly up and down easily, used for rescue or short trips
Hot air balloons – float in the sky using hot air
Gliders – have no engine, they glide through the air
Drones – small flying machines, sometimes used to deliver small things
Blood is a vital fluid that carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, removes waste, helps fight infections, and is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Plasma is the liquid state of blood.
Platelets help to stop the blood from flowing out.
Carries oxygen from lungs to body and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
Transports nutrients from the digestive system to cells.
Removes waste from cells to organs like the kidneys.
Protects the body from infections.
Clot wounds to prevent too much blood loss.
Maintains temperature and balance of fluids in the body.
There are 4 types of blood
A
B
AB
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Light & Shadows: How does ray tracing simulate realistic shadows compared to other rendering techniques?
Reflection & Refraction: How does ray tracing handle reflections and refractions in transparent objects like glass or water?
Performance & Hardware: Why does ray tracing require powerful GPUs, and how do modern graphics cards optimize…